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Physics and Matter News - January 2008 Archives
When the world's most powerful particle accelerator starts up later this year, exotic new particles may offer a glimpse of the existence and shapes of extra dimensions.
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 | Scientists have discovered that the magnetic strength of magnetite-the most abundant magnetic mineral on Earth-declines drastically when put under pressure. Researchers from the Carnegie Institution's Geophysical Laboratory, together with colleagues at the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory, have found that when magnetite is subjected to pressures between 120,000 and 160,000 times atmospheric pressure its magnetic strength declines by half ...> Full Article |
 | Air-source heat pumps typically deliver 1 1/2 to three times more heating energy to a home than the electric energy they consume. This is possible because heat pumps move heat rather than convert it from a fuel (as combustion heating systems do). National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) researchers are working to improve the performance of these energy superstars even further by providing engineers with computer-based tools for optimizing heat exchanger designs. ...> Full Article |
A physicist from The University of Manchester will appear on national television today (Tuesday 29 January 2008), tackling a question that has baffled the world's greatest scientists for over 400 years - what is gravity?
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 | Ancient light absorbed by neutral hydrogen atoms could be used to test certain predictions of string theory, say cosmologists at the University of Illinois. Making the measurements, however, would require a gigantic array of radio telescopes to be built on Earth, in space or on the moon. ...> Full Article |
Revisiting the foundations of cosmology has led Dr David Wiltshire (Physics and Astronomy) to an exciting discovery that could solve the "biggest problem" in cosmology - dark energy.
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 | The most neutron-rich matter that can be made on Earth-the nucleus of the helium-8 atom-has been created, trapped and characterized by researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory. This new measurement gives rise to several significant consequences in nuclear theory and the study of neutron stars. ...> Full Article |
 | Quantum dots-tiny, intense, tunable sources of colorful light-are illuminating new opportunities in biomedical research, cryptography and other fields ...> Full Article |
 | TEAM 0.5, the world's most powerful transmission electron microscope - capable of producing images with half-angstrom resolution (half a ten-billionth of a meter), less than the diameter of a single hydrogen atom - has been installed at the Department of Energy's National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ...> Full Article |
 | Colorado State University scientists have found a way to dramatically improve the quality of laser light at extremely short wavelengths, according to a paper that was published Sunday online by Nature Photonics. ...> Full Article |
 | Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the EPFL in Switzerland have developed a novel method for producing dark-field x-ray images at wavelengths used in typical medical and industrial imaging equipment. ...> Full Article |
 | Scientists have discovered a way of speeding up the production of hollow-core optical fibres - a new generation of optical fibres that could lead to faster and more powerful computing and telecommunications technologies. ...> Full Article |
 | Chemical engineers are the first to mathematically describe precisely how droplets form when liquids are exposed to electric fields, an advance that could have applications in areas ranging from manufacturing to medical diagnostics. ...> Full Article |
 | Cosmologists have run a series of computer simulations of the Universe that could ultimately help solve the mystery of dark energy. ...> Full Article |
Theoretical device could mask sound in 3-D
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 | New Magnet Alloy Stays Strong - Even at 200 Degrees Celsius ...> Full Article |
 | By using the only wind tunnel capable of running quietly at "hypersonic" speeds, Purdue University engineers have conducted experiments to yield critical data for designing an advanced aircraft called the X-51A, powered by engines called scramjets. ...> Full Article |
 | Researchers have turned a stubborn alloy into a shape-shifting foam by just giving it a little breathing room. ...> Full Article |
 | Researchers at the University of Illinois are the first to achieve optical waveguiding of near-infrared light through features embedded in self-assembled, three-dimensional photonic crystals. Applications for the optically active crystals include low-loss waveguides, low-threshold lasers and on-chip optical circuitry. ...> Full Article |
Researchers at Durham University will soon have access to a powerful scientific machine that generates a magnetic field 400,000 times stronger than that of Earth.
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Some of the strongest, most durable and heat resistant materials on earth are to be developed in the UK, thanks to a new £6 million centre for structural ceramics announced today.
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A research group at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory led by physics professor Pengcheng Dai, along with collaborators at Boston College, has taken a step toward understanding a great physical mystery.
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Fish can recognize a face based on UV pattern alone
Ancient DNA from rare fossil reveals that polar bears evolved recently and adapted quickly
'Anaconda' meets 'Jurassic Park': Study shows ancient snakes ate dinosaur babies
Scientists locate apparent hydrothermal vents off Antarctica
Mars Express heading for closest flyby of Phobos
Artificial bee silk a big step closer to reality
Predicting the fate of stem cells
Artificial foot recycles energy for easier walking
New fiber nanogenerators could lead to electric clothing
What drives our genes? Researchers map the first complete human epigenome
Juggling enhances connections in the brain
Tracking down the human 'odorprint'
Fill 'er up - with algae
Researchers help identify cows that gain more while eating less
How to see through opaque materials
Kent State researchers play lead role in significant new physics discovery
From 2-trillion-degree heat, researchers create new matter - and new questions
Dark matter lens used to measure age of universe
Scientists find an equation for materials innovation
Study quantifies the electron transport effects of placing metal contacts onto graphene
Neutrons poised to play big role in future scientific advances
Researchers move closer to understanding chaotic motion of a solid body in a fluid
Brown physicist discovers odd, fluctuating magnetic waves
Physicists use ultra-fast lasers to open doors to new technologies unheard of just years ago
Quantum leap for phonon lasers
Exploring the secrets of dark matter
Atom interferometer provides most precise test yet of Einstein's gravitational redshift